您目前使用的瀏覽器不支援HTML5,我們只能使用JScript呈現一些要素。 遺憾的是,在您的瀏覽器已關閉腳本功能。您必須打開腳本功能,才能完整顯示此頁面。
#Society
De Beers
Are diamond companies forever?
Updated: 2025.06.03
4 min read · Advanced
material_image
De Beers

Diamonds, crystalized gems of carbon, are among the hardest and most valuable materials on earth. Formed over thousands of years due to intense heat and pressure beneath the ground, diamonds have a connotation [1] of beauty and luxury around the world. Yet while many readers may be familiar with what these gemstones signify, the shadowy history of the global diamond industry is less well known. The De Beers Group, founded by British explorer Cecil Rhodes in 1888, retained a huge monopoly over diamond trading until quite recently, and their influence on the global jewelry market cannot be overstated.


While Cecil Rhodes’ exploration of South Africa certainly helped the corporation get its start, other early businessmen like Ernest Oppenheimer and J. P. Morgan financed the company to expand its operations into other territories like Canada and Australia. Soon after founding the firm, Rhodes and Oppenheimer quickly turned to shady tactics to enforce their monopoly, including blackmail and price-fixing. At one point, the company was even accused of secretly helping Germany and Japan during WWII by refusing to release industrial diamonds to the US.


From the wealth of its founders and financiers, De Beers grew to hold nearly 85% of the world’s diamond sales by the middle of the 20th century. By reducing the available supply of the stones while loaning out diamonds from the corporate collection to celebrities and movie stars, De Beers was able to increase the social desirability of diamonds while skyrocketing the cost. De Beers created the Central Selling Organization, also known as the CSO, in order to create a single market for its diamond products. The company used the purchasing power of the CSO to rapidly incorporate newly discovered diamond mines into De Beers’ coffers [2]. In fact, comparisons have been drawn between the actions of the CSO then and today’s Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which retains a similarly tight control over gasoline markets in most of the world.


One particularly brilliant marketing campaign for De Beers was its now-iconic 1947 ad written by Frances Gerety, “A Diamond is Forever.” This phrase has become so famous that it has become a genericization [3], or business term that transcends the individual company to define an entire industry. Following the campaign, sales of diamond rings rose from 10% of all engagements in the 1930s to over 80% in the 2000s. Due to the company’s monopoly, they simply needed to increase the popularity of diamonds without furthering [4] their own brand name. Thus in today’s market, diamonds are extremely popular, yet their largest producer has relatively low name recognition.


In recent years, De Beers has strived to update its image. Aside from its anti-competitive practices, the company has been accused of being harmful to the environment and forcibly relocating indigenous people. Their latest projects include ethically and responsibly sourced gems, as well as pro-competitive practices that are completely legal.



Yet the rise of synthetic and laboratory-created gemstones has been a challenge for the conglomerate [5], as newer and younger firms promise to help youths shop their values with ethically sourced and produced gems, even during their engagement. In fact, preliminary data shows that the popularity of the stones may even be faltering, with fewer engaged couples purchasing them in the 2020s. It remains to be seen whether or not De Beers’ new and friendly brand image will be able to improve their standing internationally.

드 비어스

탄소 결정체로 된 보석인 다이아몬드는 지구상에서 가장 단단하고 값비싼 물질 중 하나입니다. 수천 년에 걸쳐 지하에서 강한 열과 압력을 받아 형성된 다이아몬드는 세계 어디서나 아름다움과 호화로움의 의미를 함축하고 있습니다. 그런데 많은 이들이 이 보석이 의미하는 바는 잘 알고 있는데 반해, 세계 다이아몬드 산업의 그늘진 역사는 별로 잘 알려지지 않았습니다. 1888년 영국 탐험가인 세실 로즈가 설립한 “드 비어스 그룹”은 아주 최근까지 다이아몬드 거래에 대한 엄청난 독점권을 유지하고 있었고, 세계 보석 시장에 끼치는 그들의 영향력은 아무리 과장해도 지나치지 않습니다.

세실 로즈의 남아프리카 탐험이 회사가 첫발을 내딛는 데에 확실히 도움이 되었던 반면, 어니스트 오펜하이머와 J.P. 모건과 같은 초기 기업인들은 캐나다와 호주 등 다른 국가로 회사의 운영을 확장하는 데 자금을 지원했습니다. 회사 설립 직후 로즈와 오펜하이머는 그들의 독점권을 굳건히 하기위해 공갈과 가격담합과 같은 떳떳지 못한 음성적인 수단을 이용했습니다. 한때 이 회사는 미국에 산업용 다이아몬드 공급을 거부하면서 2차 세계대전 동안 독일과 일본을 비밀리에 도왔다는 비난까지 받았습니다.

설립자들과 자본가들의 부를 기반으로, 드 비어스는 20세기 중반까지 전세계 다이아몬드 매출의 거의 85퍼센트를 차지할 정도로 성장했습니다. 드비어스는 다이아몬드의 공급량을 줄이는 동시에 회사가 소장한 다이아몬드를 유명인사나 영화배우들에게 대여해 주는 방법 등을 통해, 가격을 끌어올리면서 다이아몬드에 대한 사회적 선망도를 높일 수 있었습니다. 드 비어스는 자사의 다이아몬드가 판매되는 단일시장을 만들기 위해 CSO라고도 알려진 “중앙판매조직”을 만들었습니다. 드 비어스는 CSO의 구매력을 이용하여 새로 발견된 다이아몬드 광산을 드 비어스의 소유로 재빠르게 흡수했습니다. 사실 당시 CSO와 오늘날의 OPEC(석유수출국기구)의 활동들과 비교되기도 하는데, OPEC 역시 전세계 대부분의 석유시장에 대한 엄격한 통제권을 쥐고 있습니다.

한 가지 특히 성공적인 드 비어스의 마케팅 캠페인은 1947년 프랜시스 게러티가 쓴, 이제는 드 비어스의 상징이 된 광고문구인 “다이아몬드는 영원히”였습니다. 이 문구는 너무 유명해진 나머지 드 비어스라는 일개 회사 차원을 넘어서 산업 전체를 통칭하는 말이 되었습니다. 그 캠페인 이후, 다이아몬드 반지의 판매는 1930년대에 전체 약혼 반지 중 10퍼센트 정도를 차지하던 것에서 2000년대에는 80퍼센트가 넘을 정도로 증가했습니다. 회사가 시장을 독점하고 있기 때문에 드 비어스는 특별히 자기 브랜드를 더 인지시키지 않고도 그저 다이아몬드의 인기를 올리기만 하면 되었습니다. 그 결과 오늘날의 시장에서 다이아몬드는 최상의 인기를 구가하고 있지만 그 최대 생산자의 브랜드는 상대적으로 낮은 인지도를 가지고 있습니다.

최근 들어 드 비어스는 이미지를 쇄신하려고 애쓰고 있습니다. 공정 경쟁을 방해하는 행위 외에도 드 비어스는 환경을 해치고 토착민들을 강제로 이주시켰다는 비난을 받아왔습니다. 그들의 최근 프로젝트에는 완전히 합법적인 경쟁 촉진 관행 뿐만 아니라 윤리적이고 책임감 있는 방법으로 보석을 조달하겠다는 내용들이 포함되어 있습니다.

그러나 이제는 실험실에서 인공적으로 만들어진 보석의 부상이 이 재벌 회사를 위협하고 있습니다. 새로 시장에 진입한 신진 회사들은 윤리적인 방법으로 공급, 생산된 보석을 공급함으로써 젊은 세대가 약혼 반지를 살 때에도 그들의 가치관에 맞는 구매활동을 할 수 있도록 도울 수 있다고 표방하고 있기 때문입니다. 실제로 초기 조사자료에 의하면 2020년대에는 다이아몬드를 구매하는 약혼 커플들이 줄어들고 그 인기가 주춤한 듯합니다. 드 비어스의 새롭고 친근한 브랜드 이미지가 국제적으로 그 위상을 향상시킬 수 있을지는 지켜봐야 할 일입니다.

Discussion Questions
Q1
In your own words, please briefly summarize the article.
여러분의 언어로 교재를 간단히 요약해 주세요.
Q2
What part of the reading resonated with you most?
이번 교재에서 가장 공감하는 내용은 무엇인가요?
Q3
Have you ever seen or owned a diamond or diamond jewelry? If not, would you like to? Why or why not?
다이아몬드나 다이아몬드 보석을 보거나 소유한 적이 있나요? 그렇지 않다면 직접 보거나 소유해 보고 싶으신가요? 왜 또는 왜 그렇지 않나요?
Q4
Have you ever purchased diamonds for yourself or someone else?
자신이나 다른 사람을 위해 다이아몬드를 구매한 적이 있나요?
Q5
What are the most important factors for you in choosing a diamond?
다이아몬드를 선택할 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 요소는 무엇인가요?
Q6
What do you know about De Beers? If you are not familiar with this company, what diamond or jewelry companies do you know?
드 비어스에 대해 무엇을 알고 있나요? 이 회사에 대해 잘 모른다면 어떤 다이아몬드 또는 보석 회사를 알고 있나요?
Q7
Do you think advertising has a strong effect on what people buy? Can you share an example of an advertisement that changed your opinion or made you want to buy something?
광고가 사람들의 구매에 큰 영향을 미친다고 생각하시나요? 광고 때문에 생각이 바뀌었거나 물건을 사고 싶게 만든 광고의 예를 공유할 수 있나요?
Q8
In your opinion, will diamonds always be popular, or will people move on to something else?
다이아몬드는 항상 인기가 있을까요, 아니면 결국 사람들이 다른 것으로 옮겨가게 될까요?
Q9
Have you ever bought a product that was “ethically made” or “eco-friendly”? Why did you choose it?
“윤리적으로 만들어진” 또는 “친환경적인” 제품을 구매한 적이 있나요? 왜 그런 제품을 선택하셨나요?
Q10
The article says, “A Diamond is Forever” is a famous slogan. Have you heard this before? What do you think this phrase means?
“다이아몬드는 영원히”라는 유명한 슬로건이 있습니다. 이 말을 들어본 적이 있나요? 이 문구가 무엇을 의미한다고 생각하시나요?
Q11
If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.
궁금한 점이 있거나 수업 중에 얘기해 보고 싶은 질문이 있으면 적어주세요.
Expressions
connotation
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning
例句
1

The word "home" has a warm connotation of safety and family.

例句
2

Using negative connotations in a speech can strongly affect the audience’s emotions.

coffers
a supply or store of money, often used by a government or organization
例句
1

The government plans to use public coffers to support small businesses.

例句
2

Their charity events helped refill the school’s coffers after a tough year.

genericization
the process by which a brand name becomes a general term for similar products
例句
1

"Google" is a classic case of genericization, as people use it to mean searching online.

例句
2

Some companies fight genericization to protect their trademarks.

furthering
the act of helping something to progress or develop
例句
1

The foundation is dedicated to furthering education in rural communities.

例句
2

Her research played a key role in furthering our understanding of climate change.

conglomerate
a large company formed by joining together different firms or industries
例句
1

The media conglomerate owns several TV stations and newspapers.

例句
2

The tech conglomerate expanded into healthcare and education sectors.

본 교재는 당사 편집진이 제작하는 링글의 자산으로 저작권법에 의해 보호됩니다. 링글 플랫폼 외에서 자료를 활용하시는 경우 당사와 사전 협의가 필요합니다.

Diamonds, crystalized gems of carbon, are among the hardest and most valuable materials on earth. Formed over thousands of years due to intense heat and pressure beneath the ground, diamonds have a connotation [1] of beauty and luxury around the world. Yet while many readers may be familiar with what these gemstones signify, the shadowy history of the global diamond industry is less well known. The De Beers Group, founded by British explorer Cecil Rhodes in 1888, retained a huge monopoly over diamond trading until quite recently, and their influence on the global jewelry market cannot be overstated.


While Cecil Rhodes’ exploration of South Africa certainly helped the corporation get its start, other early businessmen like Ernest Oppenheimer and J. P. Morgan financed the company to expand its operations into other territories like Canada and Australia. Soon after founding the firm, Rhodes and Oppenheimer quickly turned to shady tactics to enforce their monopoly, including blackmail and price-fixing. At one point, the company was even accused of secretly helping Germany and Japan during WWII by refusing to release industrial diamonds to the US.


From the wealth of its founders and financiers, De Beers grew to hold nearly 85% of the world’s diamond sales by the middle of the 20th century. By reducing the available supply of the stones while loaning out diamonds from the corporate collection to celebrities and movie stars, De Beers was able to increase the social desirability of diamonds while skyrocketing the cost. De Beers created the Central Selling Organization, also known as the CSO, in order to create a single market for its diamond products. The company used the purchasing power of the CSO to rapidly incorporate newly discovered diamond mines into De Beers’ coffers [2]. In fact, comparisons have been drawn between the actions of the CSO then and today’s Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which retains a similarly tight control over gasoline markets in most of the world.


One particularly brilliant marketing campaign for De Beers was its now-iconic 1947 ad written by Frances Gerety, “A Diamond is Forever.” This phrase has become so famous that it has become a genericization [3], or business term that transcends the individual company to define an entire industry. Following the campaign, sales of diamond rings rose from 10% of all engagements in the 1930s to over 80% in the 2000s. Due to the company’s monopoly, they simply needed to increase the popularity of diamonds without furthering [4] their own brand name. Thus in today’s market, diamonds are extremely popular, yet their largest producer has relatively low name recognition.


In recent years, De Beers has strived to update its image. Aside from its anti-competitive practices, the company has been accused of being harmful to the environment and forcibly relocating indigenous people. Their latest projects include ethically and responsibly sourced gems, as well as pro-competitive practices that are completely legal.



Yet the rise of synthetic and laboratory-created gemstones has been a challenge for the conglomerate [5], as newer and younger firms promise to help youths shop their values with ethically sourced and produced gems, even during their engagement. In fact, preliminary data shows that the popularity of the stones may even be faltering, with fewer engaged couples purchasing them in the 2020s. It remains to be seen whether or not De Beers’ new and friendly brand image will be able to improve their standing internationally.

*本教材是專爲使用Ringle學習英文的學員設計。