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#Small Talk
What makes a life significant
The journey to
Updated: 2022.03.04
4 min read · Intermediate
material_image
What makes a life significant

The 2006 smash-hit Pixar movie Cars introduced us to Lightning McQueen, a hotshot, anthropomorphic racecar who seemingly has it all, until he doesn’t. Contrary to what the title might suggest, Cars isn’t actually a story about cars; it’s a story about love and loss, success and failure, egoism and sacrifice—all of which are tightly wrapped up in its theme song, “Life is a Highway,” covered for the movie by country group Rascal Flatts.

“Life's like a road that you travel on / When there's one day here and the next day gone / Sometimes you bend, sometimes you stand / Sometimes you turn your back to the wind,” the song goes, describing the natural ebb and flow [1] of a lifetime. This variability, the Rascal Flatts sing, is life. It is not the achievements, the highest highs or even the lowest lows; it is the journey we took to get there.

These lyrics reflect the teachings of American philosopher William James, one of the fathers of philosophical pragmatism. In a speech delivered to students at Harvard University in 1900 titled “What Makes a Life Significant,” James recounted an expenses-paid retreat to Chautauqua Lake in Chautauqua, New York. There, all of James’ whims were fully catered, and “you have, in short, a foretaste [2] of what human society might be, were it all in the light, with no suffering and no dark corners.”

This experience, however utopic it may have been, deeply troubled James, who rejoiced when he returned to the “real world,” and said of Chautauqua Lake: “This order is too tame [3], this culture too second-rate, this goodness too uninspiring.” James found himself “in an atmosphere of success,” yet couldn't help but feel disjointed by the lack of achievement.

In this moment, he realized that life is not about achieving it all, but striving for it. Indeed, life is less about success and more about striving, striving towards a consciously-chosen ideal (goal of striving). Achievement does not come at the end of a journey, but during.

This may seem romantic or abstract, especially in the material-focused world we live in today. But think back to a moment in your life when you didn’t achieve the goal you set for yourself. Lightning McQueen thought winning the Piston Cup was what would make his life. But as he suffered setback [4] after setback, he learned lessons of humility and friendship. By the end of the movie, when he sacrifices a guaranteed Piston Cup victory to help his friend cross the finish line, finishing in last place, he realizes that life is so much more than the trophy for which he strived. It was the experiences he had along the way that made him a better person, and enriched his life.

So, next time life has you down, remember the words of William James, and the sweet, sweet vocals of the Rascal Flatts. Life is not one moment in time—it is a continuous journey, a perpetual accumulation of experiences. Life is a highway, after all, not a stop sign.

“인생을 의미있게 만드는 것”은 무엇일까요?

2006년 대히트를 친 픽사 영화 “카”는 세상에 의인화된 경주용 자동차 라이트닝 맥퀸을 선보였습니다. 그는 어느 순간까지는 모든 것을 이룬 듯한, 실력을 갖춘 자신만만한 경주용 자동차였습니다. 제목과는 달리 이 영화는 자동차에 관한 이야기가 아닙니다. 오히려 사랑과 상실, 성공과 실패, 이기주의와 희생에 관한 이야기입니다. 그리고 이 모든 것은 컨트리 그룹 라스칼 플래츠가 부른 영화의 주제곡 “인생은 고속도로”에 잘 요약되어 있습니다.

"인생은 당신이 여행하는 길과 같습니다 / 하루 또 하루가 쉼없이 지나갈 때 / 때로는 몸을 구부리고 때로는 일어서고 / 때로는 바람에 등을 돌립니다.” 이렇게 이어지는 노래는 인생에 나타나기 마련인 흥망성쇠를 얘기합니다. 라스칼 플래츠의 노래처럼 이렇게 변화무쌍한 것이 바로 인생입니다. 인생은 성취가 전부도 아니고 가장 행복할 때나 가장 암울한 때에 관한 것도 아닙니다. 그것은 우리가 그곳에 도달하기까지 지나온 여정입니다.

이 가사는 미국 실용주의 철학의 선구자 중 하나인 철학자 윌리엄 제임스의 가르침을 반영합니다. 1900년 하버드 대학교 학생들을 대상으로 한 "인생을 의미있게 만드는 것"이라는 제목의 연설에서 제임스는 뉴욕주 셔토쿼에 위치한 셔토쿼 호수로 떠났던 공짜 여행의 경험에 대해 자세히 얘기했습니다. 거기에서는 제임스가 원하는 것은 뭐든지 다 충족되었고 "간단히 말해 인간 사회가 고통도 어두운 구석도 없이 모두 밝은 빛 안에 있다면 그러한 인간 사회는 어떨지 실험적으로 맛볼 수 있는 기회”였다고 했습니다.

하지만, 이상향과 같은 경험을 한 제임스는 이로 인해 깊은 충격을 받았습니다. 그는 “현실 세계”로 돌아왔을 때 기뻐하며 셔토쿼에 대해 다음과 같이 말했습니다. “그 체계는 너무 재미없고, 그 문화는 B급이었으며, 그 세계의 좋은 점들은 전혀 영감을 주지 못합니다.” 제임스는 자신이 “성공한 느낌 안”에 있다는 것은 알았지만, 성취감의 결핍으로 인해 뭔가가 어긋나 있다고 느낄 수밖에 없었습니다.

바로 이 순간 그는 인생은 무언가를 성취하는 것이 아니라 성취를 위해 노력하는 것임을 깨달았습니다. 실제로 인생은 성공에 관한 것이 아니라 의식적으로 선택한 이상(노력이라는 목표)을 향해 노력하는 것에 관한 것입니다. 성취는 여정의 끝에 있는 것이 아니라 과정에 놓여 있습니다.

이런 생각은 특히 우리가 살고 있는 현대의 물질 중심의 세계에서는 낭만적이거나 추상적으로 여겨질 수 있습니다. 그러나 인생에서 스스로 설정한 목표를 달성하지 못했던 순간을 되돌려 생각해 보세요. 라이트닝 맥퀸은 피스톤컵 우승이 인생의 전부일 거라고 생각했습니다. 그러나 그는 좌절을 거듭하며 겸손함과 우정을 배웠습니다. 영화가 끝날 무렵 친구가 결승선을 통과하도록 돕기 위해 확실했던 피스톤컵 우승을 희생하며 꼴찌로 들어올 때, 그는 삶이란 자신이 얻기 위해 노력한 트로피 그 이상이라는 것을 깨닫습니다. 그를 더 나은 존재로 만들고 그의 삶을 더 풍요롭게 만든 것은 그 과정에서 겪은 경험이었습니다.

그러니 다음에 여러분의 삶이 힘들게 느껴지면 윌리엄 제임스의 말과 라스칼 플래츠의 감미롭고 달콤한 노래를 기억하세요. 인생은 시간 속의 한순간이 아닙니다. 그것은 계속되는 여행, 끊임없는 경험의 축적입니다. 결국 인생은 고속도로이지 정지 신호가 아닙니다.

Discussion Questions
Q1
In your own words, please briefly summarize the article.
여러분의 언어로 교재를 간단히 요약해 주세요.
Q2
Why did you choose this topic for today’s class discussion?
오늘 수업에서 이 주제를 선택한 이유는 무엇인가요?
Q3
What makes your life significant?
여러분의 삶을 의미 있게 만드는 것은 무엇인가요?
Q4
Have the same things in your life given your life significance, or have they changed over time?
같은 일들이 여러분의 인생에 계속 중요한 의미를 부여하고 있나요, 아니면 이들은 시간이 지남에 따라 달라지나요?
Q5
Have you seen Cars? What do you think of its messages and themes?
애니메이션 카를 보셨나요? 영화의 메시지와 주제에 대해 어떻게 생각하시나요?
Q6
Do you agree with William James, that life’s significance is found in the journey, rather than the end result?
인생의 의미는 최종 결과보다는 여정에서 찾을 수 있다는 윌리엄 제임스의 말에 동의하시나요?
Q7
What is the ideal version of human society? Is it one where we are totally taken care of, or one that still includes adversity?
이상적인 인간 사회의 모습은 무엇일까요? 우리가 직면한 문제가 완전히 해결된 사회일까요, 아니면 여전히 역경이 존재하는 곳일까요?
Q8
Can you think of a time when you failed to achieve something, but still found your hard work rewarding?
무언가를 이루지는 못했지만 열심히 노력한 것에서 보람을 느꼈던 때가 있나요?
Q9
If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.
궁금한 점이 있거나 수업 중에 얘기해 보고 싶은 질문이 있으면 적어주세요.
Expressions
ebb and flow
the natural or recurring pattern of growth and decline
例句
1

I sat peacefully on the beach with my eyes closed, allowing the ebb and flow of the waves to calm me.

例句
2

The financial activity of the city government depends significantly on the ebb and flow of tax revenue.

foretaste
a sample of what lies ahead
例句
1

The President’s inauguration speech provided a foretaste of her domestic policy goals.

例句
2

For what he criticized his opponent in his television advertisements is only a foretaste of the upcoming debate.

tame
not dangerous or controversial; unexciting
例句
1

The wildlife here is incredibly tame. You can pet them and they won’t run away!

例句
2

His fiery persona is complemented by her more tame approach, which makes them perfect business partners.

setback
a reversal or check in progress
例句
1

The team hit a major setback when their star player got injured.

例句
2

The enemy’s refusal to concede financial restitution marked a major setback in peace negotiations.

본 교재는 당사 편집진이 제작하는 링글의 자산으로 저작권법에 의해 보호됩니다. 링글 플랫폼 외에서 자료를 활용하시는 경우 당사와 사전 협의가 필요합니다.

The 2006 smash-hit Pixar movie Cars introduced us to Lightning McQueen, a hotshot, anthropomorphic racecar who seemingly has it all, until he doesn’t. Contrary to what the title might suggest, Cars isn’t actually a story about cars; it’s a story about love and loss, success and failure, egoism and sacrifice—all of which are tightly wrapped up in its theme song, “Life is a Highway,” covered for the movie by country group Rascal Flatts.

“Life's like a road that you travel on / When there's one day here and the next day gone / Sometimes you bend, sometimes you stand / Sometimes you turn your back to the wind,” the song goes, describing the natural ebb and flow [1] of a lifetime. This variability, the Rascal Flatts sing, is life. It is not the achievements, the highest highs or even the lowest lows; it is the journey we took to get there.

These lyrics reflect the teachings of American philosopher William James, one of the fathers of philosophical pragmatism. In a speech delivered to students at Harvard University in 1900 titled “What Makes a Life Significant,” James recounted an expenses-paid retreat to Chautauqua Lake in Chautauqua, New York. There, all of James’ whims were fully catered, and “you have, in short, a foretaste [2] of what human society might be, were it all in the light, with no suffering and no dark corners.”

This experience, however utopic it may have been, deeply troubled James, who rejoiced when he returned to the “real world,” and said of Chautauqua Lake: “This order is too tame [3], this culture too second-rate, this goodness too uninspiring.” James found himself “in an atmosphere of success,” yet couldn't help but feel disjointed by the lack of achievement.

In this moment, he realized that life is not about achieving it all, but striving for it. Indeed, life is less about success and more about striving, striving towards a consciously-chosen ideal (goal of striving). Achievement does not come at the end of a journey, but during.

This may seem romantic or abstract, especially in the material-focused world we live in today. But think back to a moment in your life when you didn’t achieve the goal you set for yourself. Lightning McQueen thought winning the Piston Cup was what would make his life. But as he suffered setback [4] after setback, he learned lessons of humility and friendship. By the end of the movie, when he sacrifices a guaranteed Piston Cup victory to help his friend cross the finish line, finishing in last place, he realizes that life is so much more than the trophy for which he strived. It was the experiences he had along the way that made him a better person, and enriched his life.

So, next time life has you down, remember the words of William James, and the sweet, sweet vocals of the Rascal Flatts. Life is not one moment in time—it is a continuous journey, a perpetual accumulation of experiences. Life is a highway, after all, not a stop sign.

*本教材是专爲使用Ringle学习英文的学员设计。