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#Sports
PGA and LIV Merge
Will it play?
Updated: 2023.06.22
4 min read · Advanced
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PGA and LIV Merge

For decades, the PGA Tour stood unchallenged [1] as the premier professional golf tour on Earth. The best players play, and the best tournaments are played under the PGA banner. Then, last year, LIV Golf emerged, backed by the seemingly infinite coffers [2] of Saudi Arabia. LIV shook up the golf world, leading the PGA Tour to go on the offensive.

LIV said its new tour would be good for golf, arguing that the PGA was a monopoly that controlled the professional golf market. When LIV (named after the 54-hole courses played at LIV events, and the score a golfer would receive if they birdied every hole on a par-72 course) was first announced in 2019, PGA Commissioner Jay Monahan implied that golfers who’d sign contracts with the LIV would be banned from playing PGA events. Some of those contracts included nine figures and successfully enticed stars like Phil Mickelson away from the PGA they once headlined.

LIV has been embroiled [3] in controversy since the beginning because it is backed by the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund (PIF), which is controlled by Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (MBS), the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. Not only has the PIF been the subject of antitrust litigation brought on by the PGA, but MBS’s regime has been accused of rampant [4] human rights abuses, including the 2018 execution of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

Saudi Arabia’s alleged ties to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks have also been highlighted since the creation of LIV. The new golf tour, as well as other high-profile sports investments by Saudi Arabia—like the signing of soccer superstar Cristiano Ronaldo to a contract with club Al Nassr for over $200 million per year—has led to accusations of “sportswashing,” or using sports to hide the country’s human rights violations.

Given LIV’s deadly backing, golfers who took LIV’s contracts were asked by Monahan, “Have you ever had to apologize for being a member of the PGA Tour?” That quote is now circulating widely after the PGA announced a merger with LIV, ending the tours’ feud [5] and numerous legal disputes.

In a move meant to “unify the game of golf,” the merger will combine the PGA Tour’s and LIV Golf’s commercial rights into a new entity. Monahan will act as CEO of the new, yet-unnamed tour, while Yasir Al-Rumayyan, the governor of the PIF, will be the tour’s chairman. The PIF will also invest $3 billion into the enterprise.

Details of the new partnership were not disclosed, and the PGA Tour policy board still needs to approve the deal. What is known, however, is that PGA players who rejected LIV offers, as well as family members of September 11 victims, are enraged with Monahan, with Monahan calling himself a “hypocrite.” It is also clear that Saudi Arabia has officially become a, if not [6] the major organizer in professional golf.

프로 골프 투어 PGA와 LIV의 합병

수십년 동안 PGA 투어는 의심의 여지 없이 지구상 최고의 프로 골프 투어로 자리잡아 왔습니다. PGA 브랜드의 깃발 아래 최고의 선수들이 경기를 하고 최고의 토너먼트가 열립니다. 그러던 중 작년에 사우디아라비아의 무한한 자금력을 등에 업은 LIV 골프가 등장했습니다. LIV는 골프계를 뒤흔들며 PGA 투어가 공격적인 모습을 취하게 했습니다.

LIV는 PGA가 프로 골프 시장을 통제하며 독점하고 있다고 주장하면서 새로 생긴 투어가 골프계에 이익이 될 것이라고 말했습니다. 2019년 LIV(54홀 경기를 벌이는 LIV 이벤트에서 따온 이름으로, 골퍼가 파 72 코스의 모든 홀에서 버디를 기록할 경우 받게 되는 스코어를 의미함. 번역자주: 로마 숫자 LIV는 아라비아 숫자 54)가 처음 발표되었을 때, PGA 커미셔너 제이 모나한은 LIV와 계약을 체결하는 골퍼는 PGA 출전이 금지될 것임을 암시했습니다. LIV계약 중에는 계약금이 아홉 자리 숫자에 이르는 것들도 있어서 필 미켈슨과 같이 한때 PGA의 주요 선수였던 스타들을 자기들 리그로 끌어들이는 데 성공했습니다.

LIV는 사우디아라비아 왕세자인 모하메드 빈 살만 알 사우드(MBS) 휘하에 있는 사우디아라비아 국부펀드(PIF)의 지원을 받고 있다는 점 때문에 처음부터 논란에 휩싸였습니다. PIF는 PGA가 제기한 반독점 소송의 대상이었을 뿐만 아니라, MBS 정권은 2018년 언론인 자말 카슈끄지의 처형 등 만연한 인권 유린으로 비난의 대상이 되기도 했습니다.

사우디아라비아가 2001년 9월 11일 미국 테러 공격에 연루되었다는 의혹도 LIV 설립 이후 계속 강조되고 있습니다. 새로운 골프 투어 LIV의 설립은 사우디아라비아의 다른 유명 스포츠 투자(예를 들어 축구 슈퍼스타 크리스티아누 호날두가 클럽 알 나스르와 연 2억 달러가 넘는 계약을 체결한 것)와 더불어 이들이 “스포츠 세탁,” 즉 스포츠를 이용해 자기 나라의 인권 침해를 숨기려고 시도한다는 비난을 자아내고 있습니다.

LIV의 막강한 후원을 받으며 LIV와 계약을 체결한 골퍼들에게 모나한은 "여러분은 PGA 투어 멤버였다는 이유로 사과를 해야 했던 적이 있습니까?"라는 질문을 던졌습니다. 이 질문은 이제 PGA가 LIV와의 합병을 발표하고 두 투어 간의 불화와 수많은 법적 분쟁을 종식시킨 이후 널리 회자되고 있습니다.

"골프의 통합"을 위한 조치로서 이번 합병은 PGA 투어와 LIV 골프의 상업적 권리를 새로운 법인으로 통합합니다. 모나한은 아직 이름이 정해지지 않은 새 투어의 CEO를 맡게 되며, PIF 총재 야시르 알 루마얀이 투어의 의장을 맡게 됩니다. 또한 PIF는 이 조직에 30억 달러를 투자할 예정입니다.

이 새로운 협력관계에 대한 자세한 내용은 공개되지 않았고 PGA 투어 정책 위원회의 승인을 받아야 합니다. 그러나 알려진 바에 따르면 LIV의 제안을 거절했던 PGA 선수들과 9/11 테러 희생자 가족들은 모나한에게 분노하고 있고, 모나한 역시 스스로를 "위선자"라고 인정하고 있습니다. 또한 분명한 것은 사우디아라비아가 공식적으로 프로 골프의 가장 주요한 주최국은 아닐지라도 하나의 주요 주최국이 되었다는 사실입니다.

Articles
LIV Golf and PGA Tour announce merger after bitter feud | Morning BrewPGA Tour agrees to merge with Saudi-backed rival LIV Golf | CNBCPGA Tour announces shock reconciliation with Saudi-backed breakaway LIV Golf | CNN
Videos
Rory McIlroy feels like 'a sacrificial lamb' after PGA Tour-LIV Golf merger | Golf ChannelPGA's Jay Monahan and PIF's Yasir Al Rumayyan break down surprise deal to merge PGA and LIV
Discussion Questions
Q1
In your own words, please briefly summarize the article.
여러분의 언어로 교재를 간단히 요약해 주세요.
Q2
What part of the reading resonated with you most?
이번 교재에서 가장 공감하는 내용은 무엇인가요?
Q3
What are your general thoughts on the PGA-LIV merger?
PGA-LIV 합병에 대해서 어떻게 생각하세요?
Q4
Were you surprised to learn that PGA is merging with LIV, considering how the two tours had been in conflict for several years?
두 투어가 몇 년 동안 갈등을 빚어온 것을 고려할 때 PGA가 LIV와 합병한다는 소식에 놀라셨나요?
Q5
What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of the merger between the PGA Tour and LIV Golf for both organizations?
PGA 투어와 LIV 골프의 합병이 두 조직에 미칠 수 있는 잠재적인 이점과 단점은 무엇인가요?
Q6
If you were a PGA golfer who turned down a larger contract from the LIV, how would you feel about the merger?
만약 당신이 PGA 골퍼로서 LIV의 더 큰 계약을 거절했다면, 이번 합병에 대해 어떻게 생각할까요?
Q7
How might the merger affect golf’s media coverage and telecasts, fanbase, endorsements, and more?
이번 합병이 골프의 미디어 보도와 방송, 팬층, 후원 등에 어떤 영향을 미칠까요?
Q8
If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.
궁금한 점이 있거나 수업 중에 얘기해 보고 싶은 질문이 있으면 적어주세요.
Expressions
unchallenged
not disputed or questioned; accepted without opposition
Ví dụ
1

The reigning champion went unchallenged in the competition and secured another victory.

Ví dụ
2

The scientific theory remained unchallenged until new evidence emerged.

coffer
a place where money or valuable items are kept; financial resources or reserves
Ví dụ
1

The government's new tax policy aimed to fill the national coffers and fund important infrastructure projects.

Ví dụ
2

The company's successful product launch filled their coffers with substantial profits.

embroil
involve someone deeply in an argument, conflict, or difficult situation
Ví dụ
1

The controversial decision by the politician embroiled the entire nation in a heated debate.

Ví dụ
2

The misunderstanding between the two friends quickly escalated and embroiled them in a bitter dispute.

rampant
spreading unchecked and uncontrolled
Ví dụ
1

My friend was hesitant to move into a neighborhood closer to his office because of the rampant violence in the community.

Ví dụ
2

According to a rampant rumor, Amy and Emma cut off all ties.

feud
a prolonged and bitter quarrel or dispute, typically between two families or groups
Ví dụ
1

The families had been engaged in a feud for generations, with neither side willing to reconcile.

Ví dụ
2

The feud between the two rival companies intensified as they competed for market dominance.

if not
perhaps even (used to suggest an alternative or stronger possibility, or to indicate an exception)
Ví dụ
1

Try to finish at least 10 chapters from the book, if not all of them.

Ví dụ
2

He is a, if not the best, talented singer in the band.

본 교재는 당사 편집진이 제작하는 링글의 자산으로 저작권법에 의해 보호됩니다. 링글 플랫폼 외에서 자료를 활용하시는 경우 당사와 사전 협의가 필요합니다.

For decades, the PGA Tour stood unchallenged [1] as the premier professional golf tour on Earth. The best players play, and the best tournaments are played under the PGA banner. Then, last year, LIV Golf emerged, backed by the seemingly infinite coffers [2] of Saudi Arabia. LIV shook up the golf world, leading the PGA Tour to go on the offensive.

LIV said its new tour would be good for golf, arguing that the PGA was a monopoly that controlled the professional golf market. When LIV (named after the 54-hole courses played at LIV events, and the score a golfer would receive if they birdied every hole on a par-72 course) was first announced in 2019, PGA Commissioner Jay Monahan implied that golfers who’d sign contracts with the LIV would be banned from playing PGA events. Some of those contracts included nine figures and successfully enticed stars like Phil Mickelson away from the PGA they once headlined.

LIV has been embroiled [3] in controversy since the beginning because it is backed by the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund (PIF), which is controlled by Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (MBS), the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. Not only has the PIF been the subject of antitrust litigation brought on by the PGA, but MBS’s regime has been accused of rampant [4] human rights abuses, including the 2018 execution of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

Saudi Arabia’s alleged ties to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks have also been highlighted since the creation of LIV. The new golf tour, as well as other high-profile sports investments by Saudi Arabia—like the signing of soccer superstar Cristiano Ronaldo to a contract with club Al Nassr for over $200 million per year—has led to accusations of “sportswashing,” or using sports to hide the country’s human rights violations.

Given LIV’s deadly backing, golfers who took LIV’s contracts were asked by Monahan, “Have you ever had to apologize for being a member of the PGA Tour?” That quote is now circulating widely after the PGA announced a merger with LIV, ending the tours’ feud [5] and numerous legal disputes.

In a move meant to “unify the game of golf,” the merger will combine the PGA Tour’s and LIV Golf’s commercial rights into a new entity. Monahan will act as CEO of the new, yet-unnamed tour, while Yasir Al-Rumayyan, the governor of the PIF, will be the tour’s chairman. The PIF will also invest $3 billion into the enterprise.

Details of the new partnership were not disclosed, and the PGA Tour policy board still needs to approve the deal. What is known, however, is that PGA players who rejected LIV offers, as well as family members of September 11 victims, are enraged with Monahan, with Monahan calling himself a “hypocrite.” It is also clear that Saudi Arabia has officially become a, if not [6] the major organizer in professional golf.

*This material is designed for the exclusive use of Ringle students on the Ringle platform.