For the past decade, more and more people have been trying out the vegan diet. The essential rule of veganism is to not eat animal products, differing from that of vegetarianism, for which the rule is to not eat animals. For example, while a vegetarian can eat chicken eggs or cow milk, a vegan cannot, although neither can eat chicken or beef.
While the term vegan was coined in 1944, the concept of a wholly plant-based diet dates back to ancient Indian and Mediterranean societies. Vegetarianism had been popular particularly among Buddhists and Hindus, later spreading to Western nations in the 18th and 19th centuries, where it was received with some appreciation. In the 21st century, however, veganism became a fast-growing international trend promoted by celebrities, dietitians, social media influencers, chefs, and beyond.
In 2020, 1% of people in the UK considered themselves vegan, which was a 300% increase from 2014. In the US, 6% of people claim to not eat meat, an increase of 600% in comparison to 2014. And in South Korea, about 500,000 people are strict vegans, and around 20% of the population follow plant-based diets in one way or another.
However, perhaps a more relevant trend is the increase of the flexitarian or vegan-curious population. Most people are at least somewhat familiar with veganism, and besides those who strictly abide by a vegan diet, many are making attempts to eat some form of plant-based meals by, for example, replacing animal meat with plant-based alternatives or incorporating large portions of fruits and vegetables into their meals.
So, what’s behind this phenomenon? Proponents of the vegan lifestyle point to its perceived health benefits as justification for following it. Research shows that vegan diets can reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease, increase the chance of weight loss, and boost general mood and energy levels.
However, it is helpful to note that, contrary to popular belief, a vegan diet is not synonymous with a healthy diet. Especially with the ongoing rise of veganism, plenty of vegan junk food [1] products are available in the market. Other things being equal, vegan chocolate chip cookies are not necessarily healthier than non-vegan ones.
Beyond health reasons, growing veganism is a response to environmental and ethical concerns. For years, the overconsumption [2] of livestock and its role in accelerating global warming has concerned consumers. Moreover, less demand for animal and animal products disincentivizes factory farming. Factory farming incorporates mass production practices into animal farming, often treating animals inhumanely. These days, people are increasingly aware of the abusive tendencies of factory farming, and veganism offers a partial solution. Meanwhile, many meat consumers are looking for free-range options without cutting out meat from their diets.
While there are many compelling reasons to try veganism, food scientists are concerned with the diet's nutritional value. Veganism makes it difficult to get vitamins and minerals like heme iron, omega-3, Vitamin B12, and zinc, the deficiency of which can lead to diseases like anemia and depression. Arguably, this concern warns us against taking dietary restrictions to their extreme.
Nonetheless, it's important to remember that many beloved foods are inherently vegan, such as pasta and tofu. Why not get creative and try to make a vegan meal as a fun challenge in the kitchen?