If you are one of the billions of meat-eaters around the world, you probably enjoy a good BBQ, particularly with rich red meats like beef, pork, and lamb. In fact, as you read this article, you may even be reminded of the smells and sounds of fatty cuts sizzling away over the fire! Grilled meats are universally enjoyed, with even traditionally vegetarian cuisines in India and Bangladesh featuring dishes with grilled cheeses. But cooking with fire is not practical and sometimes even dangerous. So why exactly do humans enjoy this primitive [1] method of eating protein?
The answer lies in the delicious brown and black marks your food picks up during its time over the fire, called the “Maillard (My-YAR) reaction.” Named for Louis Camille Maillard, the chemist who discovered its scientific properties, the Maillard reaction comes from the fusion of hot fats, sugars, and naturally occurring amino acids in meat and dairy products. In this process, the sugars and acids interact, creating a new and powerful substance which infuses [2] with the fat and spreads through the entire cut. The resulting flavourful compounds are so powerful that even a spoonful of them could flavor a massive lake or river like steak!
The Maillard reaction is quite picky, however, and does not occur in any given situation. One important factor is the relative acidity of your food, with more basic foods searing faster. In fact, many traditional Chinese dishes suggest coating meat with baking soda to encourage this reaction. Heat is an important factor as well, with the meat’s surface needing to be above the boiling point of water (100 degrees Celsius). The ideal temperature is between 130 and 175 degrees Celsius, with anything higher causing a bitter burnt taste.
There is a common misconception that well-seared and grilled meats can be potentially carcinogenic [3]. However, research published by open access science journal Alimentarium shows that there is an important difference between meats cooked at too-high temperatures and Maillard-flavored meats, with the latter being both delicious and absolutely healthy to enjoy.
What kinds of foods do you like to grill? Next time you are with them, be sure to keep a careful eye out for the Maillard reaction!