In March 2022, a first edition copy of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone sold for a staggering £15,000 in a hard-fought auction. As one of the 500 copies of the initial print run in 1997, the book was covered with children’s doodles, and the seller had purchased it at a charity shop for only 50p. The copy was expected to fetch about £3,000 from the auction but more than quintupled its estimate.
It is not the first time a Harry Potter book shocked the world with a high auction price; just a few years ago, another first edition copy in pristine condition sold for a whopping £80,000. Each and every auctioned Harry Potter first edition has created a huge buzz by smashing prices. This then raises the question: Why would some old, worn books sell for so much money?
From a literary point of view, first editions are considered valuable because they contain more of the original work than subsequent editions [1]. The most significant factor driving up their prices is supply-demand dynamics: the supply of first editions falls far short of the demand for them. Demand refers to the desire for a particular good backed by the willingness and ability to buy. Supply, on the other hand, refers to the quantity of the goods that the producers are willing to provide over a given period of time. The price, then, is determined based on the agreement between supply and demand.
Let’s say you are a supplier. The more people want your goods, the higher the price you may ask. But if your goods are unpopular, you would have to reduce their price in order to boost demand.
Now back to the Harry Potter first editions. Let’s suppose Harry Potter was an unknown book. In this case, the original book wouldn’t have been auctioned, but even if it had, no one would have bid a high price, leaving the auctioneer [2] with no choice but to keep lowering the price until it sold.
In reality, since Harry Potter is one of the best-selling book series in history, with more than 500 million copies sold worldwide, many people covet it. In contrast to the stellar demand, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone has only 500 first edition copies supplied to the market. The limited supply makes them scarce goods, and the scarcity means hefty price tags for potential buyers.
It is natural for market participants to take into account the supply-demand law when making decisions. For example, writers would want to sell more of their books and thus try to improve their writing skills and produce better work to increase the demand for their books. There are countless other examples of supply-demand interactions in our day-to-day lives. Try and think of an example of your own.