to take on the burden of something
Ringle Tip
If you shoulder the burden, responsibility, or cost of something, you bear or assume that thing.
Emily shoulders all the grunt work involved in the publication process.
에밀리는 출판 과정에 관련된 모든 자잘한 업무를 떠맡는다.
Factory workers had to shoulder the costs of increased taxation.
공장 근로자들은 증세 비용을 부담해야 했다.
a thing that someone or something depends on in difficult situations
Ringle Tip
A lifeline refers to a rope or line used for life-saving, but metaphorically, it refers to anything that provides support throughout a difficult situation.
William’s writing gig was his lifeline during the pandemic since he couldn’t wait tables at a restaurant due to lockdowns.
William의 글쓰기 공연은 락다운으로 인해 식당에서 테이블을 기다릴 수 없었기 때문에 대유행 기간 동안 그의 생명줄이었다.
Zoom has become a lifeline for us since we are in a long-distance relationship.
우리가 장거리 연애를 한 이후로 줌은 우리에게 생명줄이 되었다.
ward off; fend off; prevent
Ringle Tip
If you stave off something bad or dangerous, you prevent or avert that thing.
It is difficult to stave off unsolicited criticism or advice from customers who, unfamiliar with how words could be used in nuanced ways in American English, mistakenly think that they’ve spotted an error.
미국 영어에서 단어를 미묘한 방식으로 사용하는 것에 익숙하지 않은 고객들이 그들이 오류를 발견했다고 잘못 생각하는 자발적인 비난이나 충고를 피하는 것은 어렵다.
His reassuring presence can stave off any potential panic attack.
그의 든든한 존재는 잠재적인 공황 발작을 막을 수 있다.
to increase in size, production, or capacity
Ringle Tip
Don’t confuse this expression with “upscale” which means something fancy or expensive.
Ford’s assembly line allowed car manufacturing to scale up with dramatic speed
Ford의 조립 라인은 자동차 제조를 놀라운 속도로 확장할 수 있게 해주었습니다.
It is difficult to scale up the production of artisan goods.
장인용품의 생산 규모를 늘리는 것은 어렵다.
a way of solving a difficult problem or conflict, a system or process of help
Ringle Tip
This is often used in the expression “he has recourse to X” or “he has no recourse”; however it can also describe a thing or process that helps, such as “the government is a recourse for natural disaster victims.”
If your company doesn’t pay you, the only recourse is a lawsuit.
회사가 돈을 주지 않는다면 유일한 방안은 소송이다.
Unions can provide recourse to laborers who feel isolated and exploited.
노조는 고립되고 착취당한다고 느끼는 노동자들에게 의지할 수 있다.
behaving without moral or ethical principles to get what you desire, willing to lie or cheat to achieve goals
Ringle Tip
You can also refer to ethics or principles as “scruples” and say “that businessman has no scruples.”
Unscrupulous landlords do not respond to the needs of their tenants.
부도덕한 집주인들은 세입자들의 요구에 응하지 않는다.
Regulators should pay more attention to unscrupulous lenders.
규제 당국은 부도덕한 대출자들에게 더 많은 관심을 기울여야 한다.