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Can AI be Artistic?
Outrage over an AI-generated “painting”
Updated: 2022.10.19
3 min read · Intermediate
material_image
Can AI be Artistic?

Walking into the Colorado State Fair’s Fine Arts Competition, Jason Allen likely did not expect great outrage when he entered and won the emerging [1] artist division's "digital arts/digitally-manipulated photography" category. Allen’s “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial” is both a remarkable blend of Renaissance and steampunk, and of the growing integration of artificial intelligence in human affairs.

Allen spent around 80 hours fiddling [2] with Midjourney, an artificial intelligence that produces visual images with user-inputted text data, to create his masterpiece. He experimented with various text inputs to narrow down the illustrations that Midjourney produced—using carefully-selected words to alter lighting, spacing, field of vision, and else—and used photoshop to finalize Midjourney’s results.

Does Allen’s “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial” count as art? Since the Colorado Fine Arts Competition, that’s the question that has been fiercely debated. If you go by one textbook definition, which states that art, generally, is the expression of human creativity, then it seems that art includes AI-generated images.

This would be in line with [3] the opinion of one of the judges who voted for Allen’s piece. The judge, who learned only afterward that Allen used AI to produce “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial,” both defended his vote and praised how artificial intelligence makes art more accessible.

Some definitions of art, however, specify that art is an expression of creativity and application of skill, which raises another question: Is using artificial intelligence to produce creative works, skillful? Some would say no. Critics say that using Midjourney and other AI is cheating or, at least, an easy cop-out [4], and thus shouldn’t compete against other artworks.

There are convincing arguments on both sides of this issue, which likely will not be resolved in the near future. The definition of art has been malleable throughout history, with each subsequent innovation pushing artistic boundaries further than its predecessor. If there is one conclusion that can be drawn from “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial,” it’s that artificial intelligence is firmly integrated into human activity, and its presence is rising every day.

인공지능 예술가?

콜로라도주 박람회의 미술 공모전시장을 걸어들어가면서, 제이슨 앨런은 본인이 신인예술가 부문의 "디지털 아트 및 디지털 제작 사진" 부문에 출품해 우승한 것이 큰 풍파를 불러일으킬 것이라 생각하지는 않았을 겁니다. 앨런의 작품 "우주 오페라극장(Théâtre D'opéra Spatial)"은 르네상스와 스팀펑크, 그리고 인간의 영역으로 점점 더 많이 침투하고 있는 인공지능의 특이한 조합으로 만들어졌습니다.

앨런은 자신의 걸작을 만들기 위해 “미드저니” 툴을 가지고 약 80시간을 작업했습니다. 미드저니란 사용자가 입력한 텍스트 데이터로 시각적 이미지를 생성하는 인공지능 프로그램입니다. 그는 미드저니에 다양한 텍스트를 입력하는 실험을 하면서 이 툴이 여러 이미지들을 생성해내게 했는데, 즉 신중하게 선택한 단어들을 미드저니에 입력해서 그것이 만들어내는 이미지의 밝기, 간격, 시야 등을 조정한 것입니다. 그리고는 이런 이미지들 중에서 마음에 드는 것을 골라 포토샵을 이용해 작품을 마무리했습니다.

앨런의 "우주 오페라 극장"을 예술이라고 할 수 있을까요? 콜로라도주 박람회의 미술 공모전 이후로 이 질문은 격렬한 논쟁거리가 되고 있습니다. 예술은 일반적으로 인간의 창의성을 표현하는 것이다라고 하는 교과서적 정의를 따르면, 인공지능이 만든 이미지도 예술에 포함될 수 있을 것 같습니다.

이것은 앨런의 작품을 뽑은 심사위원 중 한 사람의 의견과 맥락을 같이합니다. 앨런이 인공지능을 사용하여 이 작품을 제작했다는 사실을 나중에야 알게 된 그 심사위원은 자신의 결정을 물리지 않았고 인공지능기술로 인해 더 많은 사람들이 예술에 쉽게 접근할 수 있게 되었음을 높이 평가했습니다.

그러나 예술에 대한 또다른 정의에 따르면 예술은 창의성의 표현인 동시에 기술의 적용이며, 이는 다음과 같은 질문을 하게 합니다. “창의적인 작품을 만들기 위해 인공지능을 사용하는 것도 기술일까요?” 아니라고 말하는 사람들도 있을 것입니다. 비평가들은 미드저니나 다른 인공지능을 사용하는 것은 부정행위이거나 적어도 손쉽게 우회하는 방법이 될 뿐임으로 다른 예술작품과 경쟁해서는 안된다고 말합니다.

이 문제에 관해 양측의 주장은 모두 설득력이 있어서 가까운 미래에 쉽게 해결점을 찾기는 어려울 듯합니다. 예술의 정의는 역사 속에서 줄곧 변해왔으며 새로운 혁신은 늘 그 이전의 것보다 예술의 경계를 확장하는 데 공헌해 왔습니다. “우주 오페라극장”에서 이끌어낼 만한 결론이 하나 있다면 그것은 인공지능이 인간 활동 안에 들어와 안정적으로 자리잡고 있으며 그 존재감은 나날이 높아지고 있다는 것입니다.

Discussion Questions
Q1
In your own words, please briefly summarize the article.
Q2
What is “art” to you?
Q3
What do you think of AI-generated artwork? Should it be considered art and be able to compete in art competitions?
Q4
Does it take skill to use AI to create art?
Q5
What do you make of the phrase, “beauty is in the eye of the beholder”? Is all art beautiful in some way and through some perspective, or is some art objectively good or bad?
Q6
Do you think that more and more artists will use artificial intelligence to create artwork?
Q7
What is your favorite painting? Why is that?
Q8
What’s your favorite kind of art? Illustrations, movies, music, etc.?
Q9
If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.
Expressions
emerge
move out or away from something and into view
例文
1

After hours of closed-door negotiations, the movie director emerged from her meeting with the studio producer with complete creative control over her film.

例文
2

The painting features dolphins emerging from the black of the sea.

fiddle (with)
tinker with something to make minor improvements; touch or fidget with something in a restless way
例文
1

You can fiddle with the color palette until you find a color that works best for you.

例文
2

He was fiddling with the electric outlet when it shocked him!

in line with
in accordance with;
例文
1

The style of her earlier works was in line with that of her teacher. Over time, however, she’s really experimented with her art.

例文
2

The punishment was in line with the rule that all participants were told before the competition.

cop-out
avoid doing something that one ought to do
例文
1

Come on, that’s such a cop-out! Pick one.

例文
2

We’re a group, you can’t just cop-out of your responsibilities.

본 교재는 당사 편집진이 제작하는 링글의 자산으로 저작권법에 의해 보호됩니다. 링글 플랫폼 외에서 자료를 활용하시는 경우 당사와 사전 협의가 필요합니다.

Walking into the Colorado State Fair’s Fine Arts Competition, Jason Allen likely did not expect great outrage when he entered and won the emerging [1] artist division's "digital arts/digitally-manipulated photography" category. Allen’s “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial” is both a remarkable blend of Renaissance and steampunk, and of the growing integration of artificial intelligence in human affairs.

Allen spent around 80 hours fiddling [2] with Midjourney, an artificial intelligence that produces visual images with user-inputted text data, to create his masterpiece. He experimented with various text inputs to narrow down the illustrations that Midjourney produced—using carefully-selected words to alter lighting, spacing, field of vision, and else—and used photoshop to finalize Midjourney’s results.

Does Allen’s “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial” count as art? Since the Colorado Fine Arts Competition, that’s the question that has been fiercely debated. If you go by one textbook definition, which states that art, generally, is the expression of human creativity, then it seems that art includes AI-generated images.

This would be in line with [3] the opinion of one of the judges who voted for Allen’s piece. The judge, who learned only afterward that Allen used AI to produce “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial,” both defended his vote and praised how artificial intelligence makes art more accessible.

Some definitions of art, however, specify that art is an expression of creativity and application of skill, which raises another question: Is using artificial intelligence to produce creative works, skillful? Some would say no. Critics say that using Midjourney and other AI is cheating or, at least, an easy cop-out [4], and thus shouldn’t compete against other artworks.

There are convincing arguments on both sides of this issue, which likely will not be resolved in the near future. The definition of art has been malleable throughout history, with each subsequent innovation pushing artistic boundaries further than its predecessor. If there is one conclusion that can be drawn from “Théâtre D'opéra Spatial,” it’s that artificial intelligence is firmly integrated into human activity, and its presence is rising every day.

*本教材は、Ringleを使用して英語を学ぶ学習者向けに設計されています。