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#Study Tips
The Magic of Vocabulary Diaries
And why you are using them wrong
Updated: 2022.05.21
4 min read · Intermediate
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The Magic of Vocabulary Diaries

Everyone who has ever learned a second language has asked themselves the same question: What is the best way to learn new vocabulary fast? In my work as a language teacher (and having learned three foreign languages myself) one of the most common pieces of advice I’ve encountered [1] is keeping a vocabulary diary. The idea is simple: You keep a small notebook in which you jot down all new expressions you learned and regularly review them. In its traditional format, you write the expression on the left and its translation on the right. Simple enough, right?

However, using a vocab diary well is a lesser-known subject. Perhaps your teacher recommended or forced you to keep a vocab diary, and you may have obliged by diligently copying unfamiliar words to look at before exams. But then what? If you’re anything like me, you probably never looked at it again. However, vocabulary learning isn’t synonymous with short-term vocabulary cramming. Vocabulary, or lexis as it is called by linguists, should be a tool that’s used to communicate and understand more effectively and creatively. Hence, when we learn new lexises, we should do so for the sake of our long-term language development; and that’s where vocab diaries can be a valuable resource.

Easier said than done. First of all, it’s important to acknowledge that there is a time and place for the traditional cramming method: in preparation for an upcoming language proficiency exam, this is a viable [2] strategy to give your grade an extra boost [3]. But how we learn after the exam is just as important.

Your knowledge of lexis has two dimensions: width and depth. Width describes the general amount of expressions you know. Depth, on the other hand, describes how well you understand their nuances and situational usages (i.e. in what situations they can be used, their level of formality, common collocations, cultural connotations, etc). Furthermore, we distinguish between two kinds of lexis knowledge application [4]. One is understanding lexis (passive vocabulary), and the other is knowing how to use it (active vocabulary).

Vocabulary diaries aim to develop your language on all four levels:

By writing down new expressions, you increase the width of your vocabulary.

As you regularly review them, you develop your understanding and remember the individual lexis items better.

For many people, this is as far as their engagement with vocab diaries goes. Now, here is how you can leverage your diary for the other two levels:

To increase depth, refer to additional resources like the internet and dictionaries to find example sentences. Add common collocations or synonyms underneath.

To transfer those expressions from passive to active vocabulary, write down your own example sentences. Review them with teachers or other native speakers.

Your vocab diary should be a living resource that grows with you. If you find new example sentences for expressions, add them. If you come up with a good example sentence yourself, even better! Don’t expect your active vocabulary to be as advanced as your passive one. Committing new lexis to memory is a slow process that requires effort, patience, and practice. Vocab diaries are not a shortcut, and they’re by no means the only strategy. However, they can be an engaging and inexpensive resource if you use them well. After all, practicing is not the hard part. The hard thing is doing it every day.

잘 외워지는 단어장의 비밀

외국어를 배워본 적이 있는 사람이라면 누구나 자신에게 이런 질문을 해보았을 겁니다. 새로운 단어를 빨리 배우는 가장 좋은 방법은 무엇일까? 언어를 가르치는 교사로 일하면서 (그리고 제 스스로 세 개의 외국어를 배운 경험을 바탕으로) 제가 가장 많이 들어온 조언 중 하나는 단어장을 만들라는 것입니다. 아이디어는 간단합니다. 작은 공책을 마련해서 거기에 새로 배운 단어와 표현들은 적어놓고 정기적으로 복습하는 것입니다. 이 전통적인 방식에서는 왼쪽에 배우는 단어와 표현을 적고 오른쪽에 우리말로 그 뜻을 적습니다. 매우 간단하죠?

하지만 단어장을 “제대로” 활용하는 방법은 잘 알려져 있지 않습니다. 아마 선생님은 여러분에게 단어장을 만들라고 권하거나 강요했을테고 그러면 선생님 말을 잘 듣는 여러분은 시험 전에 보려고 잘 모르는 단어들을 부지런히 적어놓았을 것입니다. 하지만 그 다음에는요? 만약 여러분이 저와 비슷하다면 아마 다시 그것을 보지는 않았을 것입니다. 하지만 단어를 배우는 것은 단기간에 단어를 머리속에 집어넣는 것이 아닙니다. 언어학자들이 어휘라고 부르는 이것은 보다 효과적이고 창의적으로 의사를 소통하고 이해하는 데 사용되는 도구가 되어야 합니다. 그러므로 우리가 새로운 어휘를 배울 때 그 목적은 우리의 장기적인 언어능력 향상을 위한 것이어야 하며 그리고 바로 이때 단어장이 귀중한 자원이 될 수 있습니다.

물론 행동하기란 말처럼 쉽지 않습니다. 우선 전통적인 벼락치기 공부방식이 효과를 발휘하는 때와 장소가 따로 있음을 인정하는 것이 중요합니다. 예를 들어 앞에 닥친 언어 능력 시험을 준비할 때 벼락치기는 점수를 조금이라도 높이기 위해 해볼 만한 전략입니다. 그러나 시험이 끝난 후의 학습법도 그만큼 중요합니다.

어휘에 대한 여러분의 지식에는 폭과 깊이라는 두 가지 차원이 있습니다. 폭은 여러분이 알고 있는 어휘의 전체 양을 말합니다. 반면에 깊이는 뉘앙스와 상황에 따른 사용법(즉, 어떤 상황에서 사용되는지, 어느 정도의 격식을 갖춘 말인지, 흔히 같이 사용되는 다른 단어는 무언지, 문화적인 의미는 무언지 등)을 얼마나 잘 이해하고 있는지를 나타냅니다. 또한 알고 있는 단어의 활용도는 두 가지로 구분됩니다. 하나는 단순히 어휘를 알고 있는 것(수동 어휘)이고 다른 하나는 어휘를 사용하는 방법을 아는 것(능동 어휘)입니다.

단어장은 이 네 가지 차원에서 모두 언어를 발전시키는 것을 목표로 합니다.

(어휘의 폭) 새로운 표현을 적어봄으로써 여러분은 어휘의 폭을 넓힐 수 있습니다.

(수동 어휘) 정기적으로 복습하면서 이해도를 높이고 각각의 단어들을 더 잘 기억할 수 있습니다.

많은 사람들에게 단어장의 역할은 여기서 그칩니다. 여기서 더 나아가 나머지 두 차원에서 단어장을 활용해서 효과를 높이는 방법은 다음과 같습니다.

(어휘의 깊이) 깊이를 더하려면 인터넷이나 사전 등을 추가로 참조해서 예문을 찾으십시오. 흔히 같이 사용되는 단어와 동의어를 아래에 적어두세요.

(능동 어휘) 여러분이 알고 있는 수동 어휘를 능동 어휘로 만들기 위해서는 스스로 예문을 작성해보세요. 그 예문들을 교사나 다른 원어민과 함께 검토해보세요.

여러분의 단어장은 여러분과 함께 성장하는 살아 있는 자원이어야 합니다. 어떤 단어에 대한 새로운 예문을 찾으면 단어장에 추가로 적어넣으세요. 여러분이 스스로 적절한 예문을 생각해낸다면 더욱 좋습니다! 능동 어휘가 수동 어휘만큼 빨리 늘어날 것이라고 기대하지 마세요. 새 단어를 암기하는 것은 노력과 인내 그리고 연습이 필요한 느린 과정입니다. 단어장을 활용하는 것은 지름길도 아니며 유일한 방법도 아닙니다. 그러나 잘 사용하면 효과적이고도 비싸지 않은 자원이 될 수 있습니다. 결국 연습하는 것이 어려운 것이 아닙니다. 어려운 것은 그것을 매일 실천하는 것입니다.

Discussion Questions
Q1
In your own words, please briefly summarize the article.
여러분의 언어로 교재를 간단히 요약해 주세요.
Q2
Why did you choose this topic for today’s discussion?
여러분은 왜 이 교재를 토론하기로 선택하셨나요?
Q3
Have you ever kept a vocabulary diary? How was your experience?
단어장을 써 본 적이 있으신가요? 경험은 어떠셨나요?
Q4
Do you feel like your vocabulary is lacking? What have you done/are you doing to grow your vocabulary?
어휘력이 부족하다고 느끼시나요? 어휘력을 늘리기 위해 무엇을 했거나 하고 있으신가요?
Q5
What other tips for vocabulary learning have you received in the past? Did they work? Why or why not?
과거에 어휘 학습을 위해 어떤 다른 팁을 받은 적이 있으신가요? 효과가 있었나요? 왜 그런가요 혹은 왜 그렇지 않나요?
Q6
Why do you think it is so difficult for many people to grow their vocabulary quickly?
많은 사람들이 어휘력을 빠르게 늘리는 것이 왜 그렇게 어렵다고 생각하시나요?
Q7
If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.
궁금한 점이 있거나 수업 중에 얘기해 보고 싶은 질문이 있으면 적어주세요.
Expressions
encounter
run into
例文
1

While walking to the subway station, I encountered a lost kitten crying out.

例文
2

She encountered the greatest challenge of her life in medical school.

viable
possible, something that can be done with the given resources
例文
1

The surface of Mercury is so hot that scientists say life could not be viable there.

例文
2

Due to inflation, it was no longer viable to support the charity this year.

to give an extra boost
to increase something
例文
1

I drank two more coffees than regular today in order to give my concentration an extra boost.

例文
2

Spending time in tutoring gave my grades an extra boost this semester.

application
a formal request for something
例文
1

I submitted an application to Seoul National University but it was rejected.

例文
2

When are you filling out new job applications?

본 교재는 당사 편집진이 제작하는 링글의 자산으로 저작권법에 의해 보호됩니다. 링글 플랫폼 외에서 자료를 활용하시는 경우 당사와 사전 협의가 필요합니다.

Everyone who has ever learned a second language has asked themselves the same question: What is the best way to learn new vocabulary fast? In my work as a language teacher (and having learned three foreign languages myself) one of the most common pieces of advice I’ve encountered [1] is keeping a vocabulary diary. The idea is simple: You keep a small notebook in which you jot down all new expressions you learned and regularly review them. In its traditional format, you write the expression on the left and its translation on the right. Simple enough, right?

However, using a vocab diary well is a lesser-known subject. Perhaps your teacher recommended or forced you to keep a vocab diary, and you may have obliged by diligently copying unfamiliar words to look at before exams. But then what? If you’re anything like me, you probably never looked at it again. However, vocabulary learning isn’t synonymous with short-term vocabulary cramming. Vocabulary, or lexis as it is called by linguists, should be a tool that’s used to communicate and understand more effectively and creatively. Hence, when we learn new lexises, we should do so for the sake of our long-term language development; and that’s where vocab diaries can be a valuable resource.

Easier said than done. First of all, it’s important to acknowledge that there is a time and place for the traditional cramming method: in preparation for an upcoming language proficiency exam, this is a viable [2] strategy to give your grade an extra boost [3]. But how we learn after the exam is just as important.

Your knowledge of lexis has two dimensions: width and depth. Width describes the general amount of expressions you know. Depth, on the other hand, describes how well you understand their nuances and situational usages (i.e. in what situations they can be used, their level of formality, common collocations, cultural connotations, etc). Furthermore, we distinguish between two kinds of lexis knowledge application [4]. One is understanding lexis (passive vocabulary), and the other is knowing how to use it (active vocabulary).

Vocabulary diaries aim to develop your language on all four levels:

By writing down new expressions, you increase the width of your vocabulary.

As you regularly review them, you develop your understanding and remember the individual lexis items better.

For many people, this is as far as their engagement with vocab diaries goes. Now, here is how you can leverage your diary for the other two levels:

To increase depth, refer to additional resources like the internet and dictionaries to find example sentences. Add common collocations or synonyms underneath.

To transfer those expressions from passive to active vocabulary, write down your own example sentences. Review them with teachers or other native speakers.

Your vocab diary should be a living resource that grows with you. If you find new example sentences for expressions, add them. If you come up with a good example sentence yourself, even better! Don’t expect your active vocabulary to be as advanced as your passive one. Committing new lexis to memory is a slow process that requires effort, patience, and practice. Vocab diaries are not a shortcut, and they’re by no means the only strategy. However, they can be an engaging and inexpensive resource if you use them well. After all, practicing is not the hard part. The hard thing is doing it every day.

*本教材は、Ringleを使用して英語を学ぶ学習者向けに設計されています。