For many millennials and GenZers, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are reminiscent of their childhoods. With over $1 billion USD in merchandise sold between 1988 and 1992 alone, it’s safe to say that this series is one of the longest-running and most popular animated franchises in the United States. That being said, many fans of the show are unaware of the surprising history behind these unique reptile heroes.
In 1983, Peter Laird met Kevin Eastman, and the two began to develop new characters which could be used in a serial [1] comic book. That autumn, Eastman created a turtle who stood on two feet and trained in ninja techniques. Laird created the “Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles” title and helped refine the original turtle design. To help guide their design, Eastman and Laird considered important trends in English comics, including the use of Japanese martial arts and American artistic styles. The artists even made a sensei for the turtles, a mutant rat named Splinter.
Even though the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are heavily inspired by Japanese cartoons and culture, the two authors decided to buck tradition [2] and instead give the characters western names. After much debate, Laird and Eastman settled on the names Leonardo (after Leonardo da Vinci), Raphael (after Raphael Sanzio da Urbino), Donatello (after Donatello di Niccolò di Betto Bardi), and Michelangelo (after Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni). The artists stated that the great Italian artists had always been an influence. They hoped that by naming these characters after artists, they would be able to spread knowledge and understanding of classical art around the world.
You may have heard of these artists before, and it is no surprise. Many of their artworks are very famous and have been exhibited [3] internationally in Europe, America, and Asia. Leonardo da Vinci is the most famous of the artists. His painting “Mona Lisa” is considered one of the most iconic paintings of all time. Raphael painted in a very similar style, and his most famous work “The School of Athens” features many famous references to other artists and philosophers. Michelangelo is another famous painter. If you have visited Europe, you may have seen his famous paintings at the Louvre or the Vatican. Donatello is the only sculptor [4] in the group. During his most active years, he carved hundreds of figures. Donatello’s most famous work is his marble sculpture “David.”
Leonardo, Raphael, Donatello, and Michelangelo are the only Mutant Ninja Turtles in the official comics, but in interviews, the creators have discussed other characters they considered; notably, other time periods and artists as sources for the characters. In particular, Peter Laird hoped to create a character named Bernini, modeled after the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who lived after the other artists. When speaking to media, Laird and Eastman have said that they made the decision to cut the character from the series as the real artist’s works were not as well known to their audience.
After the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles exploded in popularity, other shows began to reference classical art as well. For example, The Simpsons, in Season 21, Episode 1, “Homer the Whopper,” featured references to “Guernica,” an anti-war painting by Pablo Picasso. Popular Netflix series Bojack Horseman has also referenced classical artists like Henri Matisse. With many feature films, toys, and comic books, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and other cartoon characters will continue to spread knowledge about their famous origins for future generations to come.