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Major Figures in Literature
Agatha Christie
Updated: 2022.05.05
8 min read · Intermediate
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Major Figures in Literature

Who is the best-selling fiction writer of all time?

Many, if asked this question, might guess J. K. Rowling, Stephen King, George R. R. Martin, or some other popular writer of the past few decades. It might come as a surprise to most, then, to learn that the author whose works have sold more copies than any other is mystery writer Agatha Christie. Between the publication of her first novel in 1920, and her last in 1975, Christie had sales of over 2 billion books in a career that spanned over five decades. The most popular of her novels, And Then There Were None, sold over a hundred million copies alone, making it one of the best-selling English language novels of all time. She is also the most widely translated author of all time.

Today, audiences continue to thirst for her stories, and the most recent major movie based upon one of her literary works, Death on the Nile (released in 2022), starred such notable Hollywood actors as Gal Gadot, Armie Hammer, Russell Brand, and Kenneth Branagh.

So who was Agatha Christie? What inspired her to write dark tales of passion, greed, and murder, and why was she so massively popular with readers in her own day, and in ours?

A Literary Life

Though Agatha Christie’s novels often feature feuding families who squabble over money, power, and pride, Christie was born in 1890 to a quite ordinary upper-middle-class family in the English seaside town of Torquay. She had a happy, peaceful childhood, and was tutored at home by her family in reading, writing, arithmetic, and music. Like many other authors, she was a precocious [1] child, and read voraciously from an early age, with a particular fondness for Victorian novelists such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, famous for his Sherlock Holmes books.

Christie’s father’s death when she was 11 years old introduced financial hardship to her family. She was sent for many years to study music at a boarding school in Paris, but ultimately gave up on her goals of being a concert pianist or opera singer. In 1912, at the age of 24, she married Archibald Christie, who was a military officer in the Royal Artillery.

Within two years, he was called to serve in the First World War. Agatha decided that she couldn’t simply wait out [2] the War at home, and instead volunteered as a nurse with the Red Cross. Later, she would use the knowledge she gained of poisons and antidotes in her detective novels. While other mystery novelists had relied on imaginary poisons, with medically impossible effects, Christie insisted upon medical accuracy.

After the War, the Christie family returned to Torquay where they had their first and only child, and lived among many refugees who had fled the War on the European continent. She would ultimately base her most famous character, the fussy Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, on the many soldiers and refugees from Belgium who she treated as a nurse.

Her husband gained a low-paying job in business, and Christie began to submit her stories for publication, which were immediately popular. Soon, she was the breadwinner [3] in the family, but marital difficulties followed. After her husband asked for divorce, admitting that he had fallen in love with another woman, Christie disappeared. Her car was found parked at the side of a road, but there was no sign of her.

The shocking disappearance of the popular author became a major news story. Ultimately she was found after 11 days, checked into a hotel under a false name, claiming to have suffered amnesia. Some biographers of Christie believe she had a mental breakdown due to stress; others believe that she had intended to embarrass her unfaithful husband, who she then divorced.

Christie’s later life was much calmer. She remarried, to an archaeologist, and their global travels provided the material for some of her most famous works, including Murder on the Orient Express and Death on the Nile. Her books continued to break sales records, and in 1950 she was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Ultimately, she was honored by Queen Elizabeth II as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

A Formula for Success

Christie’s novels are generally recognized as exemplifying the “Golden Age” of detective fiction. One characteristic of this style is that brutal crime occurs in unexpected locations that we might otherwise think of as safe, comfortable, or even cozy.

Many of her 66 detective novels follow a familiar formula: set in a quaint village in the English countryside, an old aristocratic family fights over money and inheritance, with a supporting cast that involves their domestic help—the butler, the cook, the maid—as well as local figures from the community—the doctor, the lawyer, the policeman. In the end, the detective gathers the characters together and solves the case before their eyes, with plenty 0f red herrings [4] thrown in to distract the reader.

Despite her reliance on this formula, the popularity of Christie’s works ultimately stems from their ability to surprise the reader. Christie’s readers challenge themselves to “solve” the murder before the ending of the book, but Christie throws in lots of twists [5] and turns that make this very difficult, and often, the murderer is the character you would least suspect—sometimes even including the the book’s narrator. Many of the “twists” which Christie originated have been adopted by later authors, and her influence on the mystery and detective genres remains strong.

The “Queen of Crime” today

Christie herself, always a bit old-fashioned, was not a big fan of movies, much preferring books and theater. It is a bit ironic, then, that her books have been so regularly adapted for cinema, television, and even video games. In fact, her books have been adapted into movies over 30 times, first in 1928, and most recently in 2022.

The 1974 adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express includes legendary actors and actresses including Lauren Bacall, Sean Connery, Vanessa Redgrave, and Ingrid Bergman, who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Much more recently, the book was adapted again in 2017 with an equally impressive cast, including Michelle Pfeiffer, Johnny Depp, Daisy Ridley, Penélope Cruz, and Willem Dafoe.

Following Death on the Nile, Director and actor Kenneth Branagh has stated that he intends to make further sequels that would include other major characters from Christie’s works, such as the grandmotherly Miss Marple, with the goal of creating a “cinematic universe” of Christie’s works. Given the ongoing popularity of her works, on page and on screen, it seems that audiences have continued to enjoy trying (and failing) to “solve” Christie’s ingenious mysteries.

문학계의 역대 최고 소설 작가는 누구일까요?

역대 최고 베스트셀러 소설 작가는 누구일까요?

이 질문을 받는다면 많은 사람들이 아마 J. K. 롤링이나 스티븐 킹, 조지 R. R. 마틴, 또는 과거 수십년 동안 등장했던 다른 인기 작가들을 떠올릴 것입니다. 그리고 어느 누구보다도 더 많은 작품을 판매한 작가가 추리소설가 애거사 크리스티라는 사실을 알게 되면 놀랄 것입니다. 1920년 출판된 그녀의 첫 소설과 1975년 마지막 소설 사이, 50년에 걸친 작품 활동 동안 크리스티는 20억이 넘는 판매 부수를 기록했습니다. 그녀의 소설 중 가장 유명한 “그리고 아무도 없었다”라는 1억 권이 넘게 팔려서 영어로 된 소설들 중 최고 베스트셀러 중 하나가 되었습니다. 그녀는 또한 작품이 가장 많은 언어로 번역된 작가이기도 합니다.

오늘날 독자들은 여전히 그녀의 이야기를 듣고 싶어합니다. 그녀의 작품 중 하나를 바탕으로 한 가장 최신의 주요 영화 “나일강의 죽음”(2022년 개봉)은 갤 가돗, 아미 해머, 러셀 브랜드 그리고 케네스 브래너 같은 유명한 할리우드 배우들이 등장합니다.

그럼 애거사 크리스티는 어떤 사람이었을까요? 무엇이 그녀로 하여금 열정과 탐욕, 그리고 살인이 담긴 어두운 이야기를 쓰도록 만들었을까요? 그리고 왜 그녀는 자신이 살았던 시대와 지금 우리가 살고 있는 시대의 독자들에게 엄청난 인기를 얻고 있을까요?

문학가로서의 삶

애거사 크리스티의 소설들이 주로 돈이나 권력, 자존심을 두고 다툼을 벌이는 가정 불화를 특징으로 하고 있지만 크리스티는 1890년 잉글랜드 해변 마을 토키의 평범한 중상류층 가정에서 태어났습니다. 그녀는 행복하고 평화로운 어린시절을 보냈고 학교에 가지 않고 집에서 독서와 글쓰기, 수학과 음악을 배웠습니다. 많은 다른 작가들처럼 그녀는 조숙한 아이였고 어린 나이부터 독서에 흠뻑 빠져 있었는데 셜록 홈즈 책으로 유명한 아서 코난 도일 경과 같은 빅토리아 시대의 소설가를 특히 좋아했습니다.

크리스티가 11살이었을 때 아버지의 죽음으로 집안의 재정적인 어려움이 시작되었습니다. 그녀는 음악을 공부하기 위해 수년간 파리에 있는 기숙 학교에 갔지만 결국 피아노 연주자나 오페라 가수가 되려는 목표를 포기했습니다. 1912년 24세의 나이에 그녀는 영국 왕립 포병대 육군장교인 아치볼드 크리스티와 결혼했습니다.

결혼한 지 2년도 채 되지 않았을 때 남편은 1차 세계대전에 소집되었습니다. 애거사는 그냥 집에서 전쟁이 끝나기를 기다릴 수 없다고 판단하고 적십자 간호사로 자원했습니다. 훗날 그녀는 탐정소설을 쓸 때 독이나 해독제에 관해서 그때 얻은 지식을 사용하곤 했습니다. 다른 미스터리 소설가들은 의학적으로 불가능한 효과를 가진 독을 상상력으로 지어냈지만 크리스티는 항상 의학적인 정확성을 고집했습니다.

전쟁 후 크리스티 가족은 고향인 토키로 돌아오고 거기서 그들의 첫째이자 유일한 아이가 태어났습니다. 그들은 전쟁을 피해 유럽 대륙에서 건너온 많은 피난민들 사이에서 살았습니다. 크리스티는 궁극적으로 간호사시절 자기가 치료한 많은 벨기에 군인들과 피난민들을 바탕으로 그녀의 가장 유명한 등장인물인 벨기에 출신의 까다로운 탐정 에르퀼 푸아로를 창조해낸 것입니다.

남편이 저임금 일자리를 구해 일하고 있을 때 크리스티는 이야기들을 출판사에 보내기 시작했고 그것들은 출판되어 곧바로 인기를 끌었습니다. 곧 그녀는 가족의 생계를 책임지는 부양자가 되었지만 결혼생활의 난관이 닥쳤습니다. 남편이 다른 여자와 사랑에 빠졌다고 인정하면서 이혼을 요구한 후 크리스티는 자취를 감추었습니다. 그녀의 차가 길가에 주차된 채 발견되었지만 그녀의 행방은 묘연했습니다.

인기 있는 작가의 충격적인 행방불명은 큰 뉴스가 되었습니다. 결국 그녀는 11일 후 가명으로 호텔에 묵고 있는 상태로 발견되었고 그녀는 자기가 단기 기억상실을 겪었다고 주장했습니다. 크리스티의 전기를 쓴 작가들 일부는 그녀가 스트레스 때문에 신경쇠약에 걸렸다고 믿고 있지만 또 다른 사람들은 그녀가 불륜을 저지르고 이혼한 남편을 난처하게 만들기 위해 일부러 그런 일을 벌였다고 생각합니다.

크리스티에게 삶의 후반부는 훨씬 더 평온했습니다. 그녀는 한 고고학자와 재혼을 했는데 그들이 전세계를 여행다닌 것은 “오리엔탈 특급 살인”과 “나일강의 죽음”을 포함한 그녀의 가장 인기 있는 작품들의 소재를 제공해 주었습니다. 그녀의 책은 계속해서 판매기록을 경신했고 1950년에 그녀는 왕립 문학 학회의 회원으로 선출되었습니다. 마침내 그녀는 엘리자베스 여왕 2세로부터 “대영 제국 훈장 사령관 여기사”자격을 수여받았습니다.

성공의 공식

크리스티의 소설들은 일반적으로 탐정소설의 “황금시대”를 보여주는 사례로 인정받고 있습니다. 이러한 스타일의 한 가지 특징은 우리가 안전하고 편안하고 심지어 안락하다고 생각하는, 전혀 예기치 못한 장소에서 잔인한 범죄가 일어나는 점입니다.

그녀가 쓴 66개의 탐정소설 중 많은 작품들이 익숙한 공식을 따릅니다. 영국 시골에 있는 조금 특이한 마을에 돈과 유산을 놓고 싸우는 오래된 귀족 가정이 있고 거기에 그 마을 출신의 인물들, 예를 들어 의사, 변호사 그리고 경찰 뿐만 아니라 그들의 집안일을 돕는 하인들 예를 들어 집사, 요리사 그리고 하녀가 등장합니다. 마지막에 탐정은 등장인물들을 한자리에 다 모아놓고 그들의 눈 앞에서 사건을 해결합니다. 독자의 주의를 딴데로 돌리기 위한 거짓 단서들을 여기저기 많이 던져놓기도 합니다.

이러한 정형적인 공식을 많이 따름에도 불구하고 크리스티 작품의 인기가 높은 것은 궁극적으로 독자를 놀라게 하는 능력에서 기인합니다. 독자들은 책이 끝나기 전에 스스로 살인을 해결하기 위해 도전해보지만 크리스티는 우여곡절을 많이 집어넣어 이를 아주 어렵게 만듭니다. 그래서 대개 살인자는 당신이 가장 의심하지 않은 인물이고 때로는 심지어 그 책의 서술자일 때도 있습니다. 크리스티가 창안한 많은 “반전”은 훗날 작가들에 의해 많이 사용되었고 그녀가 미스터리 탐정소설 장르에 끼친 영향은 여전히 크게 남아 있습니다.

현대 “범죄의 여왕”

늘 좀 구식이었던 크리스티 자신은 영화팬은 아니었고 책과 연극을 훨씬 더 좋아했습니다. 그래서 그녀의 작품들이 영화나 TV 그리고 심지어 비디오게임으로 계속 각색되고 있는 것은 아이러니하기도 합니다. 실제로 그녀의 책은 30회 이상 영화로 각색되었는데 처음 영화화된 것은 1928년이었고 가장 최근에는 2022년이었습니다.

“오리엔탈 특급 살인”의 1974년 영화에는 전설적인 남녀 배우들이 출연했는데 로렌 바콜, 숀 코너리, 바네사 레드그레이브 그리고 아카데미 여우조연상을 수상한 잉그리드 버그만이 포함되어 있습니다. 최근 2017년에 다시 만들어진 영화에는 마찬가지로 쟁쟁한 배우들, 미셸 파이퍼, 조니 뎁, 데이지 리들리, 페넬로페 크루즈 그리고 윌럼 드포가 출연합니다.

2022년 영화 “나일강의 죽음” 후 영화감독이자 배우인 케네스 브래너는 크리스티 작품의 “영화 세계” 건립을 목표로, 미스 마플과 같은 크리스티의 다른 주요인물들을 포함한 속편들을 만들 생각이라고 발표했습니다. 책으로나 영화로나 그녀의 작품에 대한 지속적인 인기를 감안하면 관중들은 계속해서 크리스티의 독창적인 미스터리를 풀어 보려는 시도 (그리고 실패)를 즐길 듯합니다.

Discussion Questions
Q1
In your own words, please briefly summarize the article.
여러분의 언어로 교재를 간단히 요약해 주세요.
Q2
Are you able to find time to read in your daily life? If so, what do you prefer to read? If not, what do you do with your “free time” instead?
일상에서 독서할 시간이 있으신가요? 그렇다면 어떤 책을 주로 읽으시나요? 그렇지 않다면 대신 '여가 시간'에 무엇을 하나요?
Q3
When you read a book or watch a movie, do you try to guess the ending? Are you often successful in your predictions?
책을 읽거나 영화를 볼 때 결말을 추측해 보시나요? 결말 예측에 성공하는 경우가 많으신가요?
Q4
Have you ever read a book or watched a movie with a "twist" ending? What was the "twist" ?
결말이 "반전"인 책을 읽거나 영화를 본 적이 있나요? 그 "반전"은 무엇이었나요?
Q5
Have you ever read one of Agatha Christie’s books, or seen them adapted on screen? If not, would you like to in the future? If so, did you enjoy them?
아가사 크리스티의 책을 읽거나 스크린으로 각색된 작품을 본 적이 있으신가요? 아직 읽지 않았다면 앞으로 읽을 의향이 있으신가요? 그렇다면 재미있었나요?
Q6
Do you think that it is important for an author to have experienced the kinds of things he or she writes about? In what way might it be an advantage to “write what you know”?
작가가 글을 쓰는 데 있어 자신이 직접 경험한 것이 중요하다고 생각하시나요? '아는 것을 쓰는 것'이 어떤 면에서 유리할까요?
Q7
Why do you think that the "mystery" genre is so popular with audiences? What attracts readers and movie viewers to a “mystery”? Do you find “suspense” in a movie to be enjoyable, or do you want to rush to the ending?
미스터리' 장르가 관객들에게 인기가 있는 이유는 무엇이라고 생각하시나요? 독자와 영화 관객이 '미스터리'에 매료되는 이유는 무엇인가요? 영화에서 "서스펜스"를 즐길 수 있다고 생각하세요, 아니면 결말을 빨리 보고 싶다고 생각하시나요?
Q8
If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.
궁금한 점이 있거나 수업 중에 얘기해 보고 싶은 질문이 있으면 적어주세요.
Expressions
precocious
developing certain abilities earlier than expected
Example
1

She was a rather precocious child, but I wasn’t surprised, given her performance in class last year.

Example
2

I was a rather precocious boy, so the teacher always asked me for advice.

to wait out
to await an end to some unpleasant experience or time
Example
1

When my friend injured her foot, there was nothing that she could do except wait it out.

Example
2

Let’s wait out the storm indoors, so that we don’t get wet.

breadwinner
a member of a family whose wages supply the family's principal or only means of financial support
Example
1

The husband supported his wife while she was in college, but now that she has graduated and found a job, she is the real breadwinner in the family.

Example
2

In many modern families today, there are two breadwinners in the household, which has increased the need for child-support.

red herring
something irrelevant or unimportant that distracts us
Example
1

The mystery novel was full of red herrings —international spies, missing diamonds, mistaken identity — but in the end the solution to the case was quite simple.

Example
2

The company donated millions to environmental charities, but this was just a red herring to distract the public from its history of pollution.

twist
a change or new development
Example
1

By a bizarre twist of fate, our paths crossed again.

Example
2

The twists and turns of modern history make a great tale.

본 교재는 당사 편집진이 제작하는 링글의 자산으로 저작권법에 의해 보호됩니다. 링글 플랫폼 외에서 자료를 활용하시는 경우 당사와 사전 협의가 필요합니다.

Who is the best-selling fiction writer of all time?

Many, if asked this question, might guess J. K. Rowling, Stephen King, George R. R. Martin, or some other popular writer of the past few decades. It might come as a surprise to most, then, to learn that the author whose works have sold more copies than any other is mystery writer Agatha Christie. Between the publication of her first novel in 1920, and her last in 1975, Christie had sales of over 2 billion books in a career that spanned over five decades. The most popular of her novels, And Then There Were None, sold over a hundred million copies alone, making it one of the best-selling English language novels of all time. She is also the most widely translated author of all time.

Today, audiences continue to thirst for her stories, and the most recent major movie based upon one of her literary works, Death on the Nile (released in 2022), starred such notable Hollywood actors as Gal Gadot, Armie Hammer, Russell Brand, and Kenneth Branagh.

So who was Agatha Christie? What inspired her to write dark tales of passion, greed, and murder, and why was she so massively popular with readers in her own day, and in ours?

A Literary Life

Though Agatha Christie’s novels often feature feuding families who squabble over money, power, and pride, Christie was born in 1890 to a quite ordinary upper-middle-class family in the English seaside town of Torquay. She had a happy, peaceful childhood, and was tutored at home by her family in reading, writing, arithmetic, and music. Like many other authors, she was a precocious [1] child, and read voraciously from an early age, with a particular fondness for Victorian novelists such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, famous for his Sherlock Holmes books.

Christie’s father’s death when she was 11 years old introduced financial hardship to her family. She was sent for many years to study music at a boarding school in Paris, but ultimately gave up on her goals of being a concert pianist or opera singer. In 1912, at the age of 24, she married Archibald Christie, who was a military officer in the Royal Artillery.

Within two years, he was called to serve in the First World War. Agatha decided that she couldn’t simply wait out [2] the War at home, and instead volunteered as a nurse with the Red Cross. Later, she would use the knowledge she gained of poisons and antidotes in her detective novels. While other mystery novelists had relied on imaginary poisons, with medically impossible effects, Christie insisted upon medical accuracy.

After the War, the Christie family returned to Torquay where they had their first and only child, and lived among many refugees who had fled the War on the European continent. She would ultimately base her most famous character, the fussy Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, on the many soldiers and refugees from Belgium who she treated as a nurse.

Her husband gained a low-paying job in business, and Christie began to submit her stories for publication, which were immediately popular. Soon, she was the breadwinner [3] in the family, but marital difficulties followed. After her husband asked for divorce, admitting that he had fallen in love with another woman, Christie disappeared. Her car was found parked at the side of a road, but there was no sign of her.

The shocking disappearance of the popular author became a major news story. Ultimately she was found after 11 days, checked into a hotel under a false name, claiming to have suffered amnesia. Some biographers of Christie believe she had a mental breakdown due to stress; others believe that she had intended to embarrass her unfaithful husband, who she then divorced.

Christie’s later life was much calmer. She remarried, to an archaeologist, and their global travels provided the material for some of her most famous works, including Murder on the Orient Express and Death on the Nile. Her books continued to break sales records, and in 1950 she was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Ultimately, she was honored by Queen Elizabeth II as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

A Formula for Success

Christie’s novels are generally recognized as exemplifying the “Golden Age” of detective fiction. One characteristic of this style is that brutal crime occurs in unexpected locations that we might otherwise think of as safe, comfortable, or even cozy.

Many of her 66 detective novels follow a familiar formula: set in a quaint village in the English countryside, an old aristocratic family fights over money and inheritance, with a supporting cast that involves their domestic help—the butler, the cook, the maid—as well as local figures from the community—the doctor, the lawyer, the policeman. In the end, the detective gathers the characters together and solves the case before their eyes, with plenty 0f red herrings [4] thrown in to distract the reader.

Despite her reliance on this formula, the popularity of Christie’s works ultimately stems from their ability to surprise the reader. Christie’s readers challenge themselves to “solve” the murder before the ending of the book, but Christie throws in lots of twists [5] and turns that make this very difficult, and often, the murderer is the character you would least suspect—sometimes even including the the book’s narrator. Many of the “twists” which Christie originated have been adopted by later authors, and her influence on the mystery and detective genres remains strong.

The “Queen of Crime” today

Christie herself, always a bit old-fashioned, was not a big fan of movies, much preferring books and theater. It is a bit ironic, then, that her books have been so regularly adapted for cinema, television, and even video games. In fact, her books have been adapted into movies over 30 times, first in 1928, and most recently in 2022.

The 1974 adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express includes legendary actors and actresses including Lauren Bacall, Sean Connery, Vanessa Redgrave, and Ingrid Bergman, who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Much more recently, the book was adapted again in 2017 with an equally impressive cast, including Michelle Pfeiffer, Johnny Depp, Daisy Ridley, Penélope Cruz, and Willem Dafoe.

Following Death on the Nile, Director and actor Kenneth Branagh has stated that he intends to make further sequels that would include other major characters from Christie’s works, such as the grandmotherly Miss Marple, with the goal of creating a “cinematic universe” of Christie’s works. Given the ongoing popularity of her works, on page and on screen, it seems that audiences have continued to enjoy trying (and failing) to “solve” Christie’s ingenious mysteries.

*This material is designed for the exclusive use of Ringle students on the Ringle platform.